Salvaged Logs
Salvaged Logs are distinguished from other categories by the fact that the basic wood source are logs that have already been felled rather than wood from manufacturing or reuse of previously manufactured wood products. This category covers all sources for logs that are felled for purposes other than timber harvesting and hence are in fact salvaged. Sources include urban forest trimmings, salvaged logs from waterways, logs from orchards, logs from natural disasters, etc.
Salvaged Logs – Post Agricultural Salvaged from old orchards being replanted.
For more detailed information,
click here.
Fruit and nut tree orchards are another source for logs that that would go to waste if they were not salvaged for timber. A prime example is WFRG's Orchard Walnut.
The wood used in this product is sourced from commercial Walnut orchards located in the Central Valley of California. Here, approximately 200,000 acres of perpetual Walnut orchards, maintained by hundreds of small growers, produce 98% of the U.S. nut production. When the Walnut orchards age, (approximately forty years), they lose nutting productivity. They are then cut down and replanted to start the orchard cycle again, with the first nuts produced in only four years.
The non-productive Walnut is mostly chipped for use as biomass fuel in generating electricity. Some Walnut burls and crotches are saved and become fancy figured burl veneer found in Mercedes dashboards and the crotch figure in the finest gunstocks.
The Walnut found in most flooring and furniture in North America comes from the American Black Walnut (juglans nigra) which grows in the Eastern part of the US. The nut from this tree yields very little "meat" and hence is not harvested commercially.
The Walnut used to produce the nuts grown in the orchards of California, commonly referred to as English Walnut (juglans regia), is actually a native to the Caspian area of Central Europe.
Over the centuries, orchardists learned the most vigorous nut production occurred when English Walnut was grafted onto the rootstock of either American Black Walnut (juglans nigra) or California's native Walnut (juglans hindsii), also known as Claro Walnut.
The grafting practice is common with nut and fruit growers utilizing local species which are hardy and disease resistant for the orchard locale, and then grafting onto them better fruiting non-local varieties in order to maximize both hardiness and fruit production.
Grafting is performed when the Walnut is a young sapling and quickly the two different grafted varieties bond together and grow as one. But even fifty years later one can always see the dark line of the graft itself and also see that the wood on either side of the graft is different. This is our mark of Orchard authenticity! In most cases, the upper section of English Walnut is a lighter color while the Claro Walnut root stock is much darker with more character.
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Salvaged Logs – Forest Deadwood Salvaged standing or fallen trees killed by disease, fire, or wind.
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In this category, we are not referring to the occasional individual tree that stands dead in the forest among living trees. Rather, we are referring to a large number of trees killed by natural catastrophe, offering the opportunity to salvage hundreds or thousands of logs. Examples include a species that is decimated by blight or other disease, a large tract of forest damaged by wind or fire, etc.
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Salvaged Logs – Industrial Forestry Salvaged from industrial forest thinnings destined to be chipped.
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Logs can be salvaged from conventional logging operations that concentrate on certain commercially valuable tree species while ignoring or attempting to eliminate others. On the West coast of the U.S., for example, many large timber companies that focus on softwoods like redwood, Douglas fir, and cedar view western hardwoods such as madrone, tan oak, and bay laurel as "weeds" and "junk woods" that compete with the species for which they are managing, sometimes going so far as to poison them. When these companies log an area of forest, the commercial softwoods go to the mill and the hardwoods are generally chipped and burned in cogeneration facilities and the like.
While we do not condone the forest practices that produce this class of salvaged logs, we believe it is better to divert them from the chipper and use them for flooring and other high-end uses than to burn them for electricity production.
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Salvaged Logs – Urban Forests Logs salvaged from trees growing in urban areas.
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click here.
There are countless trees growing in America's cities, towns, and suburbs. Large numbers are felled every day, either because they are diseased or damaged, or simply because they are in the way. Most of the logs that come from these trees are chipped and composted, landfilled, or burned, but in some places, enterprising companies are salvaging the most desirable logs, milling them, and offering lumber and other products.
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Salvaged Logs – Waterway Sunken logs raised from river and lake bottomss.
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Logs can be salvaged from lakes, rivers, dam reservoirs, and other waterways. Some logs that are salvaged from waterways are leftovers from past logging—sometimes from centuries past—when logs were primarily transported by water. Individual logs detached from log rafts and sank, awaiting rediscovery in the cold, anaerobic bottoms of lakes and rivers. Another major source for water-salvaged logs is the reservoirs of hydroelectric projects. In both cases, when the water-damaged exterior portions of these logs are removed, some of them yield high-quality, old-growth timber that is hard to find in today's marketplace.
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Reclaimed Wood
Reclaimed Wood covers all manufactured wood products that are reused or remanufactured into new products. Examples include timbers from the deconstruction of old buildings that are reused or remilled into new products, reuse of doors, windows, flooring and other wood products “as is,” and more unusual sources such as old crates and pallets
Reclaimed – Reused Flooring Old flooring reused from buildings being torn down.
For more detailed information,
click here.
There are a large number of companies around the country that deal in building materials, components, fixtures, etc. (including doors, windows, doorknobs, mantles, bathtubs, sinks, you name it) that have been reclaimed from demolished buildings and would otherwise go to local landfills. Many of these companies offer wood flooring that is reclaimed and resold "as is."
Following are excerpts from the website of a company that offers these products: Second Use Building Materials strives to divert reusable building materials from the landfill, thereby preserving our resources and providing cost-effective remodeling supplies for our community.
Second Use opened in 1994 when contractor and environmental activist Roy Hunter ran out of space at home for storing the vast quantities of reusable construction and demolition "waste" he had collected. Our original Woodinville store consisted of tarp shelters loosely set up to protect the material from the Northwest elements. With lots of hard work and a devoted staff, Second Use soon expanded to its present location in south Seattle.
Since then, our impact on waste diversion has grown dramatically. Each month, we salvage approximately 100 tons of building materials. We are privately owned, Northwest-native company that supplies the region with the most experienced salvage business and diverse inventory of reclaimed building materials. We keep our prices low, to provide homeowners, contractors, and artists with affordable supplies to complete almost any project.
Our location in the south Seattle takes advantage of our proximity to our landfill neighbors, by raising awareness on waste and reuse. We pick up and receive materials 7 days a week, so our inventory is constantly changing. In addition, to our ever-changing supply of contemporary building materials, we also have a boutique area that includes many older lights, bath fixtures, hardware, and stained glass, which reflect the architectural history of Seattle and the region.
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Reclaimed – Forest Deadwood Salvaged standing or fallen trees killed by disease, fire, or wind.
For more detailed information,
click here.
Wood can be deconstructed from houses, mills, barns, bridges, tanks, warehouses, towers, railroads and just about anything else that people have built. Larger timbers and structural members resulting from deconstruction can be remilled into new products, including flooring.
Following are excerpts from an article about a company that deconstructs and reclaims wood from old barns:
RECYCLING: A Barn Reborn Mar 1, 2002 12:00 PM Kim A. O'Connell
Every morning, John High climbs into his pickup truck and drives to job sites in Pennsylvania, New Jersey or Delaware to save doomed barns from the landfill. His motto: To save every barn he possibly can.
As part of the Barn Saver Project he started in 1990, High uses crowbars and hammers to dismantle barns that are destined for demolition. Typically, barns are demolished with heavy machinery and sent to landfills. But recognizing the value in every piece of the old structures, High left his job at an excavating company — where he bulldozed old houses and barns to make room for development — and began disassembling old barns piece by piece to save the flooring, siding, windows, doors, roofing, beams, joists, hardware and even the contents, such as lightning rods and pig troughs.
In the 10 years that the Barn Saver Project has been in operation, more than 200 barns and houses have been salvaged. Between 90 percent and 100 percent of every barn is saved, High says…
A network of contractors, such as Hometown Carpentry, a Boyertown, Pa., company that specializes in barn restoration, helps to find dismantled barn buyers. For instance, when Hometown Carpentry owner Jim Slabonik is looking for a particular kind of material to restore a historic barn, he lets High know. Conversely, after dismantling a barn, High will let Slabonik and other contractors know what materials he has salvaged.
"It's a growing industry and there are a lot of people utilizing these old materials," Slabonik says. "People who have old barns want to keep them looking like they did 150 or 200 years ago."
Deconstruction can take weeks to complete — usually longer than the standard one- to five-day demolition job. However, deconstruction costs a fraction of demolition on average, High notes.
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Sustainable Forestry
The Sustainable Forestry category covers all wood that is harvested from natural forests or plantations.
We have created the 3rd Party Certified Wood “Econ” to allow WFRG to label products correctly but without all the requirements that certain organizations require when using their trademarks which make it difficult to meet when printing and graphic presentations where space is very limited. On our Econ we then have a number which refers to which third party program a given item is certified as and then their label is also added but now can be done separated as they require.
We believe that the Forest Stewardship Council is currently the only credible forest certification program, so we use the FSC logos and designations for 100% FSC and Mixed Sources. We also include a category for plantations to designate timber that comes from plantations that are not established at the expense of natural forest and do not use genetically-modified organisms (GMOs).
Sustainable Foresrty - FSC 100% All of the wood in this product comes from forests that are certified well-managed according to the rules of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC).
For more detailed information,
click here.
All of the contents of wood flooring products that bear a 100% FSC label come from forests certified as being in compliance with the environmental and social standards of the Forest Stewardship Council.
More information on forest certification and the FSC:
Today, a growing number of timber producers and traders are making environmental claims. Some are accurate, but others are misleading or exaggerated. How can you distinguish a genuine ecological forest product from one that has been "greenwashed"? The answer is credible, independent certification for forestry and forest products.
Forest certification is a voluntary process that ensures consumers that the wood products they buy were grown and harvested in a way that protects forests for the long term. Certifiers assess the on-the-ground forest practices of a given operation against a stringent set of environmental and social criteria. Operations that meet those standards may identify their products as originating from a well-managed source. The certifier also tracks the "chain of custody" of the certified wood to ensure that it is kept separate from non-certified material at each stage of processing and distribution from forest to end user.
The Forest Stewardship Council is a not-for-profit organization that accredits certifiers whose programs conform to its internationally recognized Principles and Criteria, thereby providing a consistent and credible framework for independent certification efforts worldwide. The major FSC-accredited certifying agencies in North America are SmartWood and Scientific Certification Systems.
FSC certification enjoys the support of most major environmental groups, including World Wildlife Fund, Natural Resources Defense Council, Rainforest Alliance, Rainforest Action Network, Sierra Club, The Wilderness Society, and World Resources Institute.
In order to be certified, a company must:
- Meet all applicable laws
- Have legally established rights to harvest
- Respect indigenous rights
- Maintain community well-being
- Conserve economic resources
- Protect biological diversity
- Have a written management plan
- Engage in regular monitoring
- Maintain high conservation value forests
- Manage plantations to alleviate pressures on natural forests
The success of FSC certification has spawned competing initiatives, most of which were created and are backed by forest products industry trade groups that view FSC certification as a threat to their business interests. For instance, the American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA) created the Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) to certify the forest lands of all of its member companies (including the major US-based forest products companies such as Weyerhaeuser, International Paper, Louisiana Pacific, and Georgia Pacific) to a standard that is widely criticized as offering inadequate environmental protections and providing a green stamp to industrial forest practices like large-scale clear cuts (often at the expense of natural forest) and chemically-intensive monoculture tree-farming. For these reasons, the LEED rating system of the US Green Building council only offers credit for FSC-certified wood products, and many major environmental groups support the FSC while actively opposing the SFI and similar industry-based initiatives.
Products bearing the FSC 100% logo qualify for LEED credit Mrc7. To achieve MRc7, the LEED professional must use a minimum of 50% of wood-based materials and products, which are certified in accordance with the Forest Stewardship Council's (FSC) Principles and Criteria, for wood building components. These components include, but are not limited to, structural framing and general dimensional framing, flooring, sub-flooring, wood doors, and finishes.
Thus, if project contractors purchase $10,000 worth of a wood flooring product that is FSC-certified, and the total value of wood building components is $100,000, then project managers will need to source another $40,000 of FSC-certified wood products to achieve MRc7. For more information on this and other FSC labels, visit:
the FSC website.Hide
Sustainable Forestry - FSC Mixed This product is certified according to the rules of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) for “Mixed Sources.” At least 75% of the wood in this product comes from well-managed forests; the remaining content comes from “controlled” sources—i.e. legal, non-endangered, and non-old growth sources.
For more detailed information,
click here.
Products
with a FSC Mixed label are made from a mix of FSC certified and non-certified (but controlled) sources. Under the Mixed program, wood comes from FSC certified well-managed forests, controlled sources and/or recycled, reclaimed, or salvaged material.
Company-controlled sources are controlled, in accordance with FSC standards, to exclude illegally harvested timber, forests where high conservation values are threatened, wood from genetically modified organisms (GMO), wood whose harvesting violates people's civil and traditional rights, and wood from forests harvested for the purpose of converting the land to non-native plantations or other non-forest use.
FSC certification enjoys the support of most major environmental groups, including World Wildlife Fund, Natural Resources Defense Council, Rainforest Alliance, Rainforest Action Network, Sierra Club, The Wilderness Society, and World Resources Institute.
In order to be certified, a company must:
Meet all applicable laws
- Have legally established rights to harvest
- Respect indigenous rights
- Maintain community well-being
- Conserve economic resources
- Protect biological diversity
- Have a written management plan
- Engage in regular monitoring
- Maintain high conservation value forests
- Manage plantations to alleviate pressures on natural forests
The success of FSC certification has spawned competing initiatives, most of which were created and are backed by forest products industry trade groups that view FSC certification as a threat to their business interests. For instance, the American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA) created the Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) to certify the forest lands of all of its member companies (including the major US-based forest products companies such as Weyerhaeuser, International Paper, Louisiana Pacific, and Georgia Pacific) to a standard that is widely criticized as offering inadequate environmental protections and providing a green stamp to industrial forest practices like large-scale clear cuts (often at the expense of natural forest) and chemically-intensive monoculture tree-farming. For these reasons, the LEED rating system of the US Green Building council only offers credit for FSC-certified wood products, and many major environmental groups support the FSC while actively opposing the SFI and similar industry-based initiatives.
Products bearing the FSC 100% logo qualify for LEED credit Mrc7. To achieve MRc7, the LEED professional must use a minimum of 50% of wood-based materials and products, which are certified in accordance with the Forest Stewardship Council's (FSC) Principles and Criteria, for wood building components. These components include, but are not limited to, structural framing and general dimensional framing, flooring, sub-flooring, wood doors, and finishes.
Thus, if project contractors purchase $10,000 worth of a wood flooring product that is FSC-certified, and the total value of wood building components is $100,000, then project managers will need to source another $40,000 of FSC-certified wood products to achieve MRc7.
For more information on this and other FSC labels, visit:
the FSC website.Hide
Sustainable Forestry - Plantation Plantation-grown on afforested lands and not GMO.
For more detailed information,
click here.
Like any other agricultural staple, many tree species can be efficiently produced as a crop in monocultures or near-monocultures. Unlike most agriculture crops such as corn or wheat, however, tree plantations are quite often subject to controversy and stereotyping, both negative and positive.
Forest activists and environmentalists tend to be deeply critical of the common industry practice of clear cutting and replanting, arguing that it is environmentally destructive to replace an ecologically and biologically diverse natural forest with a single, fast-growing commercial tree species. Industry players are likely to emphasize the efficiency of tree farming, arguing that it is the most cost-effective way to produce wood fiber for the benefit of society.
As might be expected, both positions have inherent merit, and both tend to trivialize the other side of the issue. The truth is that tree farming is not inherently good or bad; everything depends on the specifics of how a given tree plantation is established and managed over time, and the larger context in which tree farming takes place. Tree plantations can divert pressure from natural forest, or they can displace natural forest. One can imagine a worst-case scenario in which a natural, diverse, old-growth forest is clear cut and replaced with a monoculture of non-native, genetically-modified (GMO) trees that are then sustained with extensive artificial fertilizers, pesticides, and insecticides, driving down soil fertility and poisoning local waterways. Alternatively, one could paint a best-case scenario in which an appropriate mix of native tree species is established plantation-style on land that had previously been cleared for other uses (this is called afforestation) and natural techniques are used to build up soil fertility and control pests.
Of course, most tree farms are likely to fall somewhere between these extremes. What is the minimum standard of social and environmental responsibility for such plantations? Credible forest certification systems set standards for well-managed plantations as well as well-managed natural forests. Click here for more information on forest certification.
Click here for a profile of a well-managed tree plantation.
WFRG’s policy on sourcing wood from plantations (and on utilizing our Eco icon and the Plantation icon) is that we will not buy from plantations that were established at the expense of natural forest in the last 25 years, nor will we utilize GMO wood. Also, unless the plantation is already FSC certified, we will have visited the plantation we are sourcing from and determined that it is reasonably well-managed before stamping those products Eco.
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Floor Score SCS Scientific Certification Systems (SCS) is a global leader in independent certification and verification of environmental, sustainability, stewardship, food quality, food safety and food purity claims.
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click here.
For more than 25 years, SCS has developed internationally recognized standards and certification programs in pursuit of the highest level of environmental performance and social accountability. Many assessments undertaken by SCS are based on innovative life cycle assessment methodologies.
For more detailed information,
click here.Hide
LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design. The LEED Green Building Rating System® is a voluntary, consensus-based national standard for developing high-performance, sustainable buildings.
For more detailed information,
click here.
LEED rating systems:
LEED Credits:
To achieve MRc4.1, the LEED professional must use materials with recycled content such that the sum of post-consumer recycled content plus one-half of the pre-consumer content constitutes at least 10% (based on cost) of the total value of materials in the project. To achieve MRc4.2, the sum of post-consumer recycled content plus one-half of the pre-consumer content must constitute at least 20% of total materials costs.
Thus, if project contractors purchase $10,000 worth of a wood flooring product with pre-consumer recycled content, and the total value of project materials is $1 million, then project managers can add ½ of the value of that product ($5000) to other recycled-content materials, and the total must equal or exceed $100,000 to gain a point under MRc4.1. To gain the two points offered by MRc4.2 in this example, the total value of recycled-content materials (with pre-consumer recycled-content materials counted at 50% value and post-consumer at full value) must be $200,000..
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BEES - Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability BEES measures the environmental performance of building products by using the life-cycle assessment approach specified in the ISO 14040 series of standards. All stages in the life of a product are analyzed: raw material acquisition, manufacture, transportation, installation, use, and waste management.
For more detailed information,
click here.
BEES software brings to your fingertips a powerful technique for selecting cost-effective, environmentally-preferable building products. Aimed at architects, builders, and product manufacturers, this tool is based on consensus standards and designed to be practical, flexible, and transparent.
BEES measures the environmental performance of building products by using the life-cycle assessment approach specified in the ISO 14040 series of standards. All stages in the life of a product are analyzed: raw material acquisition, manufacture, transportation, installation, use, and waste management. BEES software brings to your fingertips a powerful technique for selecting cost-effective, environmentally-preferable building products. Aimed at architects, builders, and product manufacturers, this tool is based on consensus standards and designed to be practical, flexible, and transparent.
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Green Globes Environmental Assessments for Buildings. Green Globes is an online building and management tool that lets designers, property owners and managers assess the environmental impacts of building practices. Using a confidential questionnaire, it generates an audit report that helps to design buildings that will be energy and resource efficient, will achieve operational savings and be healthier to work or live in. For more detailed information,
click here.
Green Globes is an online building and management tool that lets designers, property owners and managers assess the environmental impacts of building practices. Using a confidential questionnaire, it generates an audit report that helps to design buildings that will be energy and resource efficient, will achieve operational savings and be healthier to work or live in. The following Green Globes points are relevant to products offered by Wood Floor Resource Group.
- E.1 – Materials with low environmental impact
- E.2 – Minimize consumption and depletion of materials resources
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Built Green, Washington Built Green Washington is a cooperative of Washington's regional green home building programs. Built Green helps home builders and home buyers get the information needed to build and buy green. Most Built Green programs in Washington use a checklist that offers builders a menu of green building strategies with point values attributed to them.
For more detailed information,
click here.
Build It Green is a professional non-profit membership organization whose mission is to promote healthy, energy and resource-efficient buildings in California. Supported by a solid foundation of outreach and education, Build It Green connects consumers and building professionals with the tools and technical expertise they need to build quality green buildings. Build It Green offers concise Green Building Guidelines as well as utilizing Green Points, a rating system for assessing environmentally friendly homes.
The following Green Points are relevant to products offered by WFRG: Residential construction - Material Resource Efficiency, Flooring:
- FSC-Certified or Reclaimed Wood
- Rapidly Renewable Flooring Materials
- Recycled/Salvage Content
Commercial construction – Build It Green follows the Guidelines and Rating Systems based on LEED standards.
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Green Building Initiative Bringing Green to the Main Stream
The mission of the Green Building Initiative™ is to accelerate the adoption of building practices that result in energy-efficient, healthier and environmentally sustainable buildings by promoting credible and practical green building approaches for residential and commercial construction.
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click here.
GBI has been working with local homebuilder associations across the country to develop locally-relevant green building programs. It provides guidelines for building green while also honoring Green Globes as its primary standard.
The mission of the Green Building Initiative™ is to accelerate the adoption of building practices that result in energy-efficient, healthier and environmentally sustainable buildings by promoting credible and practical green building approaches for residential and commercial construction.
GBI has been working with local homebuilder associations across the country to develop locally-relevant green building programs. It provides guidelines for building green while also honoring Green Globes as its primary standard.
Additional Resources:
Green Building Initiative Website:
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Earth Advantage Over the past decade, Earth Advantage has transformed itself from a utility-based conservation program to a free standing non-profit that administers Oregon's premiere residential green building program. Earth Advantage works with builders and developers to bring energy efficient, sustainable, and healthy homes to the market.
For more detailed information,
click here.
Over the past decade, Earth Advantage has transformed itself from a utility-based conservation program to a free standing non-profit that administers Oregon's premiere residential green building program. Earth Advantage works with builders and developers to bring energy efficient, sustainable, and healthy homes to the market.
Wood flooring products offered by Wood Floor Resource Group can contribute to the following point in the Earth Advantage Points Worksheet:
- 4.4 Floor Framing and Insulation
- 4.4.4 FSC Certified Wood: Materials for floor assembly
Additonal Resources: Earth Advantage Website:
www.EarthAdvantage.org Hide
Other Environmental Attributes
The Other Environmental Attributes category covers all environmental attributes that are not found in the other categories, including embodied energy, air quality/added-formaldehyde, and rapid renewability.
Rapidly Renewable 15 years or less regrowth rate with average years to regrow listed.
For more detailed information,
click here.
Our definition of "rapidly renewable" is a plant that grows (or, in the case of cork, bark that regrows) to harvestable size in fifteen years or less. There are a large number of plants, and even some trees (e.g. plantation teak), that meet this definition, but by far and away the most significant when it comes to flooring is bamboo.
Products bearing the rapidly renewable icon qualify for LEED credit Mrc6.
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Non-Wood Not from trees. Examples include bamboo, palm, and cork.
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This icon identifies flooring products made from plant materials that are wood-like but are not wood per se. These include bamboo, cork, and palm.
The bamboo culm that provides the raw material for our bamboo flooring is not a tree; botanically, it is actually in the grass family. For more information on bamboo,
click here.
icon identifies flooring products made from plant materials that are wood-like but are not wood per se. These include bamboo, cork, and palm.
The bamboo culm that provides the raw material for our bamboo flooring is not a tree; botanically, it is actually in the grass family. For more information on bamboo,
click here.
Cork qualifies for WFRG's Eco icon with a non-wood icon and a rapidly renewable (9 year) icon.
Palm flooring is made from palm trees, which is not technically wood either. Palms are in a different botanical family from other trees, and are made up of a fibrous material that resembles wood but is not. Our palm flooring comes from coconut palm plantations which are abundant around the world. Palms produce nuts for up to 80 years, then as the palms age and become non-producing, they are removed and replanted with young palms, offering a large, ongoing supply of raw material. For more information on palm flooring,
click here.
Palm qualifies for WFRG's Eco icon with a non-wood icon, a plantation icon and a reclaimed post agricultural icon.
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Low Energy - Local Sourced and processed locally within the listed mileage.
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Low Formaldehyde Meets German E-1 Standards.
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No Urea-Formaldehyde For more detailed information,
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This icon identifies engineered wood flooring products that contain no added urea-formaldehyde.
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Surface By Nature For more detailed information,
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There are a wide variety of environmentally-responsible sources for wood products. And wood is one of the most environmentally “green” products – see why.
Recycled – Post Industrial
